Self Employed - variance of income, how do you manage
Discussion
Guys and gals,
in the process of becoming self emplyed / sole trader, for those who already are, how do you work your personal income for the good Months and the bad Months ?
What income level should you base your car on ?
ditto for house ? (not an issue at the moment)
I am just trying to get a feel for how people manage it.
I am going from a credit cruch hit salary and no benefits, to 100% self reliance - although I am taking on an established company name/franchise.
Do I keep expenditure at the same leevl as I am at now? (average month will be circa seven time my normal income as a rule.
Merci Boucoup
in the process of becoming self emplyed / sole trader, for those who already are, how do you work your personal income for the good Months and the bad Months ?
What income level should you base your car on ?
ditto for house ? (not an issue at the moment)
I am just trying to get a feel for how people manage it.
I am going from a credit cruch hit salary and no benefits, to 100% self reliance - although I am taking on an established company name/franchise.
Do I keep expenditure at the same leevl as I am at now? (average month will be circa seven time my normal income as a rule.
Merci Boucoup
What you need to do is set a monthly miniumum living requirement. If your business occasionally provides you with a surplus which exceeds this on a monthly basis, make sure that you set aside the excess amounts for those months when the business may provide you with less thamn your normal monthly requirement.
As a self employed person, you must also factor into any surplus cash amounts you might have sitting in a bank account somehwere the fact that you will probably have to pay a reasonably substantial tax bill every January and July.
The very first January payment you make might be quite painfull, because you will not have made any Self Assessment payments on account in the preceding January and July - which means that full liability arising on your first year's profits will be payable in totality by 31 January together with a Payment on Account for the following tax year.
As a self employed person, you must also factor into any surplus cash amounts you might have sitting in a bank account somehwere the fact that you will probably have to pay a reasonably substantial tax bill every January and July.
The very first January payment you make might be quite painfull, because you will not have made any Self Assessment payments on account in the preceding January and July - which means that full liability arising on your first year's profits will be payable in totality by 31 January together with a Payment on Account for the following tax year.
Edited by Eric Mc on Saturday 24th April 14:12
Hi Eric,
thanks again! You seem to be more then helpful
It is a shame your in Farnborugh, otherise I would be more than happy to ask you to be my accountant!
It does make sense what your advice is, and is more then likely what I will do, without going mad setting my minimum lving costs + car etc.
I think I will cetainly be shicked when the first self assesment comes along! - when you mention retrospectively, is that when you can pay the upcoming tax Jan - July based on prior profit levels ?
thanks again! You seem to be more then helpful
It is a shame your in Farnborugh, otherise I would be more than happy to ask you to be my accountant!
It does make sense what your advice is, and is more then likely what I will do, without going mad setting my minimum lving costs + car etc.
I think I will cetainly be shicked when the first self assesment comes along! - when you mention retrospectively, is that when you can pay the upcoming tax Jan - July based on prior profit levels ?
Yes.
Once you are into the cycle of making payments on account, the January tax bill isn't usually to painfull. However, the very first one you pay as a Self Employed individual is often the worst because you haven't been making Payments on Account in advance of the first January payment.
Once you are into the cycle of making payments on account, the January tax bill isn't usually to painfull. However, the very first one you pay as a Self Employed individual is often the worst because you haven't been making Payments on Account in advance of the first January payment.
FlashmanChop said:
It is a shame your in Farnborugh, otherise I would be more than happy to ask you to be my accountant!
Geography shouldn't come in to it - you rarely have to meet face to face with your accountant. Don't choose your accountant based on where they are relative to you, get a good recommendation and go with that. I've never had a face to face meeting with mine since the first "pre trading" meeting nearly 18 months ago. Email/phone/fax does the job fine and if you really have to go and see them, 40p a mile job done :-)FlashmanChop said:
in the process of becoming self emplyed / sole trader, for those who already are, how do you work your personal income for the good Months and the bad Months ?
I add up what comes in and that's my income.FlashmanChop said:
What income level should you base your car on?
It's not an order until the money's in the bank, so don't rush off and buy cars until you've got the loot. I save up and buy mine outright. That way I have an asset and if work goes tits up I can sell it. I keep a pile in the business account so that if work goes thin I can survive. I call it 'financial hibernation'. After a while it becomes ingrained; to this day I avoid making calls to mobiles and premium rate numbers if I can help it. Neither would I dream of going to a cafe to pay £3 for a coffee when I can make one at home for 4p.FlashmanChop said:
Do I keep expenditure at the same leevl as I am at now? (average month will be circa seven time my normal income as a rule.
Live within your means. Trying to interpret your last sentence, I think it either means that your earnings from self-employment will be 7x more than they were from employment (good), or that you spend 7x more than what comes in (bad).I'd hunker down if I were you and wait and see how the business goes - currently you're planning to spend money you don't have.
Eric makes an interesting point about tax - you have to pay tax on money you haven't even had. IIRC it used to be about two years in arrears, then somehow the Govt managed to get double tax out of everybody by bringing it not just up to current year, but next year too! One less rabbit in Gordon's hat.
Edited by Simpo Two on Saturday 24th April 17:30
Simpo Two said:
FlashmanChop said:
in the process of becoming self emplyed / sole trader, for those who already are, how do you work your personal income for the good Months and the bad Months ?
I add up what comes in and that's my income. - I see your point, and it is valid, and taking into account your latters points:-FlashmanChop said:
What income level should you base your car on?
It's not an order until the money's in the bank, so don't rush off and buy cars until you've got the loot. I save up and buy mine outright. That way I have an asset and if work goes tits up I can sell it. I keep a pile in the business account so that if work goes thin I can survive. I call it 'financial hibernation'. After a while it becomes ingrained; to this day I avoid making calls to mobiles and premium rate numbers if I can help it. Neither would I dream of going to a cafe to pay £3 for a coffee when I can make one at home for 4p.FlashmanChop said:
Do I keep expenditure at the same leevl as I am at now? (average month will be circa seven time my normal income as a rule.
Live within your means. Trying to interpret your last sentence, I think it either means that your earnings from self-employment will be 7x more than they were from employment (good), or that you spend 7x more than what comes in (bad). - your first point is true, my expenditure is very little, and the earnings from working for myself will be c. 7x what they are now.I'd hunker down if I were you and wait and see how the business goes - currently you're planning to spend money you don't have.
Eric makes an interesting point about tax - you have to pay tax on money you haven't even had. IIRC it used to be about two years in arrears, then somehow the Govt managed to get double tax out of everybody by bringing it not just up to current year, but next year too! One less rabbit in Gordon's hat.
Edited by Simpo Two on Saturday 24th April 17:30
Being a Yorkshireman thorugh and through I would always join your for a flask in the patk than starbucks in town!
I also take note of your point re "Finacial Hibernation" and will be doing some gathering!
Overall, I will be hiring a cheap run about for the first 6 Months or so, and will see how the income goes, and make a judgement when the loot is in the account.!
If I bought outright can I off set that against tax ? or is contract hire best ?
tbh, our lifestyle is not too lavish, so the surplus I generate wont suddenly be accounted for in excess lifestyle choices.I miht take a little more for myself each Month, and like you say, hibernate the rest, for that fing great tax bill.
I am also looking forward to the benefitsa to my health, sanity, and time spent at home with the o/h, horses, dog.
I started out by working out what I need to live on each month, and built up a 3 month reserve before starting the business.I used that monthly figure originally as the basis for setting prices, along with a bit of market research on competitors, assuming I would get paid work for only 50% of the time (which seems to be about sector average in one-man band-consulting). As that felt viable I took the plunge.
Slightly bizarre, but I now have an Excel sheet where I list my fixed costs each month, add in the variable costs as I go alomg and list the invoices issued/paid. It calculates my profit, and deducts my tax etc. Then it works out how much that on average is across the months to date. It has a 'trigger' when that figure falls below what I need to live on and the word 'BAD' appears in large letters. As long as I see the word 'Good' I relax. I do sometimes manually adjust it to see how many months I have in hand to reassure myself.
First year is anxious. I did arrange a loan facility at the bank just in case and screwed down costs: nothing I didn't NEED, made sure I took all of the allowable expenses, left all the profit in the business except what I needed.
Slightly bizarre, but I now have an Excel sheet where I list my fixed costs each month, add in the variable costs as I go alomg and list the invoices issued/paid. It calculates my profit, and deducts my tax etc. Then it works out how much that on average is across the months to date. It has a 'trigger' when that figure falls below what I need to live on and the word 'BAD' appears in large letters. As long as I see the word 'Good' I relax. I do sometimes manually adjust it to see how many months I have in hand to reassure myself.
First year is anxious. I did arrange a loan facility at the bank just in case and screwed down costs: nothing I didn't NEED, made sure I took all of the allowable expenses, left all the profit in the business except what I needed.
Edited by Four Cofffee on Saturday 24th April 20:49
I think you got your quotes a bit muddled up there but I'll see if I can sort it out:
FlashmanChop said:
my expenditure is very little, and the earnings from working for myself will be c. 7x what they are now.
If you're really going to increase your earnings by 7x then I can't see why you're concerned - you can start buying luxury cars and booking world cruises right now. But if you're on an average salary now are you really going to be earning £160K pa later this year? FlashmanChop said:
Being a Yorkshireman thorugh and through I would always join your for a flask in the patk than starbucks in town! I also take note of your point re "Finacial Hibernation" and will be doing some gathering!
Saving on boring everyday things means that if all goes well you can splash out on toys later FlashmanChop said:
Overall, I will be hiring a cheap run about for the first 6 Months or so, and will see how the income goes, and make a judgement when the loot is in the account.!
Don't you have a car currently? If not, I'd go to to a decent car auction with about £2K and get something decent. If your business goes the way of the pear, you can sell the car privately for at least as much, maybe more depending on timing.FlashmanChop said:
If I bought outright can I off set that against tax ? or is contract hire best ?
Well, my view is that contract hire means your money is keeping a raft of middle-men in a nice warm office, and you'll end up paying twice as much for a car that's worth half as much. But maybe I'm being cynical. If you buy a car outright you can call it a 'private car used for business', introduce it into the books and depreciate it over 3-4 years. That means part of the value is deducted from your gross earnings, so you pay less tax. You can deduct a proportion of running expenses. EricMc will be able to put more detail in that.FlashmanChop said:
tbh, our lifestyle is not too lavish, so the surplus I generate wont suddenly be accounted for in excess lifestyle choices. I miht take a little more for myself each Month
If you're self-employed there's no distinction between you and the business. Anything you don't take is still yours (unlike a limited company) and you'll pay tax on it whether you spend it or not. But do open a new bank account so you can keep business and private transactions seperate.FlashmanChop said:
for that fing great tax bill.
Tax bills are only a problem for people who spend everything they earn. Tax is a fairly predictable proportion of what you earn so as long as you keep back, say, 25% then when the bill comes you can pay it on time without worry.FlashmanChop said:
I am also looking forward to the benefitsa to my health, sanity, and time spent at home with the o/h, horses, dog.
Definitely. All my neighbours get up at 6.00am and get the train to London where they sit in offices, poke computers and talk rubbish in meetings. Then they come home, have supper and go to bed. I get up at 9.00am and toddle downstairs for toast and coffee. They earn 2-3x as much as me, but I don't care. That said, self-employment is not for everyone. You do need to be flexible, to take some knocks and live with risk. However, whilst my earnings are highly variable, I can never be made redundant by an HR numpty. Every pound you earn from your own effort, skill and wits is worth twice as much as one that arrives every month for obeying orders Edited by Simpo Two on Saturday 24th April 22:58
Four Cofffee said:
I started out by working out what I need to live on each month, and built up a 3 month reserve before starting the business.I used that monthly figure originally as the basis for setting prices, along with a bit of market research on competitors, assuming I would get paid work for only 50% of the time (which seems to be about sector average in one-man band-consulting). As that felt viable I took the plunge.
Slightly bizarre, but I now have an Excel sheet where I list my fixed costs each month, add in the variable costs as I go alomg and list the invoices issued/paid. It calculates my profit, and deducts my tax etc. Then it works out how much that on average is across the months to date. It has a 'trigger' when that figure falls below what I need to live on and the word 'BAD' appears in large letters. As long as I see the word 'Good' I relax. I do sometimes manually adjust it to see how many months I have in hand to reassure myself.
First year is anxious. I did arrange a loan facility at the bank just in case and screwed down costs: nothing I didn't NEED, made sure I took all of the allowable expenses, left all the profit in the business except what I needed.
I do something very similar. I essentially keep an Excel version of my Cash In/Cash Out transactions which gives me an accurate "cash in bank" figure at any given time. I also use the same Excel sheet to predict forward my expenditure for the next two to three months so I can see if and when the cash in bank balance might go negative. It's very simple but highly effective.Slightly bizarre, but I now have an Excel sheet where I list my fixed costs each month, add in the variable costs as I go alomg and list the invoices issued/paid. It calculates my profit, and deducts my tax etc. Then it works out how much that on average is across the months to date. It has a 'trigger' when that figure falls below what I need to live on and the word 'BAD' appears in large letters. As long as I see the word 'Good' I relax. I do sometimes manually adjust it to see how many months I have in hand to reassure myself.
First year is anxious. I did arrange a loan facility at the bank just in case and screwed down costs: nothing I didn't NEED, made sure I took all of the allowable expenses, left all the profit in the business except what I needed.
Edited by Four Cofffee on Saturday 24th April 20:49
mattdaniels said:
FlashmanChop said:
It is a shame your in Farnborugh, otherise I would be more than happy to ask you to be my accountant!
Geography shouldn't come in to it - you rarely have to meet face to face with your accountant. Don't choose your accountant based on where they are relative to you, get a good recommendation and go with that. I've never had a face to face meeting with mine since the first "pre trading" meeting nearly 18 months ago. Email/phone/fax does the job fine and if you really have to go and see them, 40p a mile job done :-)Simpo Two said:
I think you got your quotes a bit muddled up there but I'll see if I can sort it out:
I would always think long and hard about taking on any fixed costs (e.g. a hire car) which doesn't increase or decrease with my earnings, and anything which is mildly nice/convenient but costs me money. I had a friend with a garge who hired everything ( PC, compressor, coffee machine) and had companies restocking his bulbs to save him ordering.FlashmanChop said:
my expenditure is very little, and the earnings from working for myself will be c. 7x what they are now.
If you're really going to increase your earnings by 7x then I can't see why you're concerned - you can start buying luxury cars and booking world cruises right now. But if you're on an average salary now are you really going to be earning £160K pa later this year? FlashmanChop said:
Being a Yorkshireman thorugh and through I would always join your for a flask in the patk than starbucks in town! I also take note of your point re "Finacial Hibernation" and will be doing some gathering!
Saving on boring everyday things means that if all goes well you can splash out on toys later FlashmanChop said:
Overall, I will be hiring a cheap run about for the first 6 Months or so, and will see how the income goes, and make a judgement when the loot is in the account.!
Don't you have a car currently? If not, I'd go to to a decent car auction with about £2K and get something decent. If your business goes the way of the pear, you can sell the car privately for at least as much, maybe more depending on timing.FlashmanChop said:
If I bought outright can I off set that against tax ? or is contract hire best ?
Well, my view is that contract hire means your money is keeping a raft of middle-men in a nice warm office, and you'll end up paying twice as much for a car that's worth half as much. But maybe I'm being cynical. If you buy a car outright you can call it a 'private car used for business', introduce it into the books and depreciate it over 3-4 years. That means part of the value is deducted from your gross earnings, so you pay less tax. You can deduct a proportion of running expenses. EricMc will be able to put more detail in that.FlashmanChop said:
tbh, our lifestyle is not too lavish, so the surplus I generate wont suddenly be accounted for in excess lifestyle choices. I miht take a little more for myself each Month
If you're self-employed there's no distinction between you and the business. Anything you don't take is still yours (unlike a limited company) and you'll pay tax on it whether you spend it or not. But do open a new bank account so you can keep business and private transactions seperate.FlashmanChop said:
for that fing great tax bill.
Tax bills are only a problem for people who spend everything they earn. Tax is a fairly predictable proportion of what you earn so as long as you keep back, say, 25% then when the bill comes you can pay it on time without worry.FlashmanChop said:
I am also looking forward to the benefitsa to my health, sanity, and time spent at home with the o/h, horses, dog.
Definitely. All my neighbours get up at 6.00am and get the train to London where they sit in offices, poke computers and talk rubbish in meetings. Then they come home, have supper and go to bed. I get up at 9.00am and toddle downstairs for toast and coffee. They earn 2-3x as much as me, but I don't care. That said, self-employment is not for everyone. You do need to be flexible, to take some knocks and live with risk. However, whilst my earnings are highly variable, I can never be made redundant by an HR numpty. Every pound you earn from your own effort, skill and wits is worth twice as much as one that arrives every month for obeying orders Edited by Simpo Two on Saturday 24th April 22:58
I think I will be keeping things very simple to start with, and I didn't mean to come across as spending the money I havn't got yet.. apologies.
basically, I am on a very very below average income, for what should be a very well paid career. But that as they say is life.
I am up and off for 6, back at 7 and work most weekends. Like someone said, every £ I earn will mean a lot ore to me becuase I have done it through my own skills and experise.
I dont have a car as I sold mine when I was due a company car, which the offer then got taken back "because of the credit crunch" - and I havnt replaced it as yet... which is why I was thinknig about, atleast initially short term contract hire - I would buy a snotter for £1k, but I am currently planning on c.1k miles a week, or more.
If i miss appointments/meetings etc, this will seriously impact on earnings, I appreciate it is an addded fixed cost commitment, but one which is offset with potential earnings.
I have been through our fixed and variable costs and cancelled all standing orders/direct debits/services which we do not need, and has been like this for 2 months now - it is amzing how little you can spend when you have a longer term goal!
It does help that I am quite a simple person - in the sense of lifestyle!!
basically, I am on a very very below average income, for what should be a very well paid career. But that as they say is life.
I am up and off for 6, back at 7 and work most weekends. Like someone said, every £ I earn will mean a lot ore to me becuase I have done it through my own skills and experise.
I dont have a car as I sold mine when I was due a company car, which the offer then got taken back "because of the credit crunch" - and I havnt replaced it as yet... which is why I was thinknig about, atleast initially short term contract hire - I would buy a snotter for £1k, but I am currently planning on c.1k miles a week, or more.
If i miss appointments/meetings etc, this will seriously impact on earnings, I appreciate it is an addded fixed cost commitment, but one which is offset with potential earnings.
I have been through our fixed and variable costs and cancelled all standing orders/direct debits/services which we do not need, and has been like this for 2 months now - it is amzing how little you can spend when you have a longer term goal!
It does help that I am quite a simple person - in the sense of lifestyle!!
Would a van serve your needs better than a car? At the moment there is 100% tax relief on vans - whether purchased outright or bought through a bank loan or HP finance.
This is NOT the case with vans acquired on any sort of leasing arrangement (such as contract hire).
Tax relief on motor cars is nothing like as generous.
This is NOT the case with vans acquired on any sort of leasing arrangement (such as contract hire).
Tax relief on motor cars is nothing like as generous.
FlashmanChop said:
It could do Eric, little Fiesta van or something. So I could offset the whole P11D value of the van against tax, but nor though Contract Hire, but on HP or loan ?
Thanks
Forget about P11ds. They are not an issue for those who are self-employed. P11ds relate to taxable Benefits in Kind for Employees and/or Directors of Limited Companies. You have stated that you are going to be Self Employed so everything I have said is based on that.Thanks
The key to viability of vans over cars for the Self Employed is the vast difference in Capital Allowances claimable on vans (and other commercial vehicles) compared to motor cars.
Capital Allowances are claimable by a business on assets on which it has legal title. Therefore owned assets, assets funded by normal loans and assets funded by HP agreements are allowed.
Assets being funded through lease arrangements are not "owned" by the entity using the asset (i.e. you) but are owned by the leasing company. That means it's the leasing company that will be claiming the Capital Allowances.
This does not mean that your business will not get SOME tax relief on the asset, but the relief will not be as generous as the 100% allowances available for owned assets.
And to clarify, the value of assets used in Capital Allowance computations is not "List Price" - as used for P11d values, it is the actual capital cost of the asset to the business i.e. how much the business paid for the asset.
Interest and other finance costs related to the borrowing for the purchase of a business asset is also allowed as a tax deductable business cost.
Edited by Eric Mc on Sunday 25th April 12:03
Self Employment tax is based on Business Financial Year Ends - which in turn determine the Basis of Assessment for a given tax year.
If you decide that your business year end is going to be 31 March , then your first financial year end will be the period from the date you started to the following 31 March, presumably 31 March 2011. This means that the first tax return you will need to complete covering your Sole Trading income will be the tax return for the tax year 2010/11. In that tax return you will show your business income and expenditure details covering the period from the date of commencement to 31 March 2011.
Other financial year ends can be selected when setting up your business, but they tend to make the assessment of the profits a bit more complicated and generate a phenomenon called Overlap Profits which I am not even going to try to explain as it gets rather complicated.
The taxable business income is essentially the net profit of the business which is arrived at using normal accounting methods and by deducting allowable business expenditure. From that net profit you will also be able to deduct the Capital Allowances claimable by the business.
You will also be required to include on the 2010/11 tax return ALL other income from all other sources received in the year to 5 April 2011. So, if you had any PAYE income, such as a salary or pension income, that ALSO needs to be included. Other income to include would be interest received on bank/building society accounts, dividends from companies, rental income from property, Capital Gains (if assets have been disposed of the year) etc etc.
Once all the income details have been gathered together, you are then in a position to add all the income together, work out your total income from all sources for the tax year 2010/11, offset personal allowances and any other tax reliefs available and then calculate the tax liability arising. From that, you then deduct any tax already paid through deduction (the PAYE on wages or the tax deducted on bank interest received, for instance).
What is left over is your Self Employed tax liability for 2010/11. This is payable in full by 31 January 2012.
On 31 January 2012, you will also be asked to make the 1st Paymnent on Account for tax year 2011/12. Because you won't actually know what the liability is for 2011/12 at 31 January 2012, you are asked to pay an estimated amount. The estimate amount to pay is based on the Self Assessment element of the overall 2010/11 tax liability.
50% of this estimated amount is payable on 31 January 2012. The other 50% will be payable on 31 July 2012.
If you think that the actual Self Assessment tax liability for 2011/12 is going to be less than the Self Assessment liability for 2010/11, then you are at liberty to apply to have the 2011/12 Payments on Account reduced to a more realistic level. The Payments on Account can be reduced right down to Zero, if you think that is appropriate.
If you over-reduce the Payments on Account, HMRC will charge you interest on the difference between what you should have paid and what you actually paid.
If you decide that your business year end is going to be 31 March , then your first financial year end will be the period from the date you started to the following 31 March, presumably 31 March 2011. This means that the first tax return you will need to complete covering your Sole Trading income will be the tax return for the tax year 2010/11. In that tax return you will show your business income and expenditure details covering the period from the date of commencement to 31 March 2011.
Other financial year ends can be selected when setting up your business, but they tend to make the assessment of the profits a bit more complicated and generate a phenomenon called Overlap Profits which I am not even going to try to explain as it gets rather complicated.
The taxable business income is essentially the net profit of the business which is arrived at using normal accounting methods and by deducting allowable business expenditure. From that net profit you will also be able to deduct the Capital Allowances claimable by the business.
You will also be required to include on the 2010/11 tax return ALL other income from all other sources received in the year to 5 April 2011. So, if you had any PAYE income, such as a salary or pension income, that ALSO needs to be included. Other income to include would be interest received on bank/building society accounts, dividends from companies, rental income from property, Capital Gains (if assets have been disposed of the year) etc etc.
Once all the income details have been gathered together, you are then in a position to add all the income together, work out your total income from all sources for the tax year 2010/11, offset personal allowances and any other tax reliefs available and then calculate the tax liability arising. From that, you then deduct any tax already paid through deduction (the PAYE on wages or the tax deducted on bank interest received, for instance).
What is left over is your Self Employed tax liability for 2010/11. This is payable in full by 31 January 2012.
On 31 January 2012, you will also be asked to make the 1st Paymnent on Account for tax year 2011/12. Because you won't actually know what the liability is for 2011/12 at 31 January 2012, you are asked to pay an estimated amount. The estimate amount to pay is based on the Self Assessment element of the overall 2010/11 tax liability.
50% of this estimated amount is payable on 31 January 2012. The other 50% will be payable on 31 July 2012.
If you think that the actual Self Assessment tax liability for 2011/12 is going to be less than the Self Assessment liability for 2010/11, then you are at liberty to apply to have the 2011/12 Payments on Account reduced to a more realistic level. The Payments on Account can be reduced right down to Zero, if you think that is appropriate.
If you over-reduce the Payments on Account, HMRC will charge you interest on the difference between what you should have paid and what you actually paid.
Eric,
thanks for a very easy to read explanation. Certainly worth squirreling away extra money for the 50% payment on account, to lessen the impact!
I think now my mind has been saturated from your well educated and reasoned responses regards accountancy I will leave the questions be now..
Thanks Eric
thanks for a very easy to read explanation. Certainly worth squirreling away extra money for the 50% payment on account, to lessen the impact!
I think now my mind has been saturated from your well educated and reasoned responses regards accountancy I will leave the questions be now..
Thanks Eric
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