F1 regulations? jesus
Discussion
ARTICLE 22 : CHANGES FOR 2006
22.2 Amendments to Article 5 :
5.1 Engine specification :
5.1.1 Only 4-stroke engines with reciprocating pistons are
permitted.
5.1.2 Subject only to Article 5.2, engine capacity must not
exceed 3000cc 2400cc.
5.1.3 Supercharging is forbidden.
5.1.4 All engines must have 10 cylinders 8 cylinders arranged
in a 90° "V" configuration and the normal section of each
cylinder must be circular.
5.1.5 Engines may must have no more than 5 valves two inlet
and two exhaust valves per cylinder all of which must be
circular.
Only reciprocating poppet valves are permitted.
The sealing interface between the moving valve
component and the stationary engine component must
be circular.
5.2 Alternative engines :
For 2006 and 2007 only, the FIA reserves the right to
allow any team to use an engine complying with the
2005 engine regulations, provided its maximum
crankshaft rotational speed does not exceed a limit
fixed from time to time by the FIA so as to ensure that
such an engine will only be used by a team which does
not have access to a competitive 2.4 litre V8 engine.
5.3 Other means of propulsion :
5.3.1 Subject only to Article 5.2, the use of any device, other
than the 3 litre 2.4 litre, four stroke engine described in 5.1
above, to power the car, is not permitted.
5.3.2 The total amount of recoverable energy stored on the car
must not exceed 300kJ, any which may be recovered at a
rate greater than 2kW must not exceed 20kJ.
5.4 Exhaust system :
Variable geometric length geometry exhaust systems are
forbidden.
5.4 Engine dimensions :
5.4.1 Cylinder bore diameter may not exceed 98mm.
5.4.2 Cylinder spacing must be fixed at 106.5mm (+/- 0.2mm).
5.4.3 The crankshaft centreline must not be less than 58mm
above the reference plane.
5.5 Engine materials :
5.5.1 The basic structure of the crankshaft and camshafts must
be made from steel or cast iron.
5.5.2 Pistons, cylinder heads and cylinder blocks may not be
composite structures which use carbon or aramid fibre
reinforcing materials.
5.5 Weight and centre of gravity :
5.5.1 The overall weight of the engine must be a minimum of
95kg.
5.5.2 The centre of gravity of the engine may not lie less than
165mm above the reference plane.
5.5.3 The longitudinal and lateral position of the centre of
gravity of the engine must fall within a region that is the
geometric centre of the engine, +/- 50mm.
5.5.4 When establishing conformity with Article 5.5, the
engine will include the intake system up to and
including the air filter, fuel rail and injectors, ignition
coils, engine mounted sensors and wiring, alternator,
coolant pumps and oil pumps.
5.5.5 When establishing conformity with Article 5.5, the
engine will not include liquids, exhaust manifolds, heat
shields, oil tanks, water system accumulators, heat
exchangers, hydraulic system (e.g. pumps,
accumulators, manifolds, servo-valves, solenoids,
actuators) except servo-valve and actuator for engine
throttle control, fuel pumps nor any component not
mounted on the engine when fitted to the car.
5.6 Variable geometry systems :
5.6.1 Variable geometry inlet systems are not permitted.
5.6.2 Variable geometry exhaust systems are not permitted.
5.6.3 Variable valve timing and variable valve lift systems are
not permitted.
5.7 Fuel systems
5.7.1 The pressure of the fuel supplied to the injectors may
not exceed 100 bar. Sensors must be fitted which
directly measure the pressure of the fuel supplied to
the injectors, these signals must be supplied via direct
hardwired connections to the FIA data logger.
5.7.2 Only one fuel injector per cylinder is permitted which
must inject directly into the side or the top of the inlet
port.
5.8 Electrical systems :
5.8.1 Ignition is only permitted by means of a single ignition
coil and single spark plug per cylinder. The use of
plasma, laser or other high frequency ignition
techniques is forbidden.
5.8.2 Only conventional spark plugs that function by high
tension electrical discharge across an exposed gap are
permitted.
Spark plugs are not subject to the materials restrictions
described in Articles 5.13 and 5.14.
5.8.3 The primary regulated voltage on the car must not
exceed 17.0V DC. This voltage is defined as the
stabilised output from the on-car charging system.
5.9 Engine actuators :
With the following exceptions hydraulic, pneumatic or
electronic actuation is forbidden :
a) Electronic solenoids uniquely for the control of engine
fluids ;
b) Components providing controlled pressure air for a
pneumatic valve system ;
c) A single actuator to operate the throttle system of the
engine.
5.10 Engine auxiliaries :
With the exception of electrical fuel pumps engine auxiliaries
must be mechanically driven directly from the engine with a
fixed speed ratio to the crankshaft.
5.11 Engine intake air :
5.11.1 Other than injection of fuel for the normal purpose of
combustion in the engine, any device, system, procedure,
construction or design the purpose or effect of which is any
decrease in the temperature of the engine intake air is
forbidden.
5.11.2 Other than engine sump breather gases and fuel for the
normal purpose of combustion in the engine, the spraying of
any substance into the engine intake air is forbidden.
5.12 Materials and Construction - Definitions :
5.12.1 X Based Alloy (e.g. Ni based alloy) – X must be the
most abundant element in the alloy on a %w/w basis.
The minimum possible weight percent of the element X
must always be greater than the maximum possible of
each of the other individual elements present in the
alloy.
5.12.2 X-Y Based Alloy (e.g. Al-Cu based alloy) – X must be
the most abundant element as in 5.12.1 above. In
addition element Y must be the second highest
constituent (%w/w), after X in the alloy. The mean
content of Y and all other alloying elements must be
used to determine the second highest alloying element
(Y).
5.12.3 Intermetallic Materials (e.g. TiAl, NiAl, FeAl, Cu3Au,
NiCo) – These are materials where the material is based
upon intermetallic phases, i.e. the matrix of the material
consists of greater then 50%v/v intermetallic phase(s).
An intermetallic phase is a solid solution between two
or more metals exhibiting either partly ionic or
covalent, or metallic bonding with a long range order,
in a narrow range of composition around the
stoichiometric proportion.
5.12.4 Composite Materials – These are materials where a
matrix material is reinforced by either a continuous or
discontinuous phase. The matrix can be metallic,
ceramic, polymeric or glass based. The reinforcement
can be present as long fibres (continuous
reinforcement); or short fibres, whiskers and particles
(discontinuous reinforcement).
5.12.5 Metal Matrix Composites (MMC’s) – These are materials
with a metallic matrix containing a phase of greater
than 2%v/v which is not soluble in the liquid phase of
the metallic matrix.
5.12.6 Ceramic Materials (e.g. Al2O3, SiC, B4C, Ti5Si3, SiO2,
Si3N4) – These are inorganic, non metallic solids.
5.13 Materials and construction – General :
5.13.1 Unless explicitly permitted for a specific engine
component, the following materials may not be used
anywhere on the engine :
a) Magnesium based alloys
b) Metal Matrix Composites (MMC’s)
c) Intermetallic materials
d) Alloys containing more than 5% by weight of
Beryllium, Iridium or Rhenium.
5.13.2 Coatings are free provided the total coating thickness
does not exceed 25% of the section thickness of the
underlying base material in all axes. In all cases the
relevant coating must not exceed 0.8mm.
5.14 Materials and construction – Components :
5.14.1 Pistons must be manufactured from an aluminium alloy
which is either Al-Si ; Al-Cu ; Al-Mg or Al-Zn based.
5.14.2 Piston pins must be manufactured from an iron based
alloy and must be machined from a single piece of
material.
5.14.3 Connecting rods must be manufactured from iron or
titanium based alloys and must be machined from a
single piece of material with no welded or joined
assemblies (other than a bolted big end cap or an
interfered small end bush).
5.14.4 Crankshafts must be manufactured from an iron based
alloy.
No welding is permitted between the front and rear
main bearing journals.
No material with a density exceeding 19,000kg/m3 may
be assembled to the crankshaft.
5.14.5 Camshafts must be manufactured from an iron based
alloy.
Each camshaft and lobes must be machined from a
single piece of material.
No welding is allowed between the front and rear
bearing journals.
5.14.6 Valves must be manufactured from alloys based on
Iron, Nickel, Cobalt or Titanium.
Hollow structures cooled by sodium, lithium or similar
are permitted.
5.14.7 Reciprocating and rotating components :
a) Reciprocating and rotating components must
not be manufactured from graphitic matrix,
metal matrix composites or ceramic materials.
This restriction does not apply to the clutch and
any seals ;
b) Rolling elements of rolling element bearings
must be manufactured from an iron based alloy;
c) Timing gears between the crankshaft and
camshafts (including hubs) must be
manufactured from an iron based alloy.
5.14.8 Static components :
a) Engine crankcases and cylinder heads must be
manufactured from cast or wrought aluminium
alloys.
No composite materials or metal matrix
composites are permitted either for the whole
component or locally.
b) Any metallic structure whose primary or
secondary function is to retain lubricant or
coolant within the engine must be
manufactured from an iron based alloy or an
aluminium alloy of the Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Zn or Al-
Mg alloying systems.
c) All threaded fasteners must be manufactured
from an alloy based on Cobalt, Iron or Nickel.
Composite materials are not permitted.
d) Valve seat inserts, valve guides and any other
bearing component may be manufactured from
metallic infiltrated pre-forms with other phases
which are not used for reinforcement.
22.2 Amendments to Article 5 :
5.1 Engine specification :
5.1.1 Only 4-stroke engines with reciprocating pistons are
permitted.
5.1.2 Subject only to Article 5.2, engine capacity must not
exceed 3000cc 2400cc.
5.1.3 Supercharging is forbidden.
5.1.4 All engines must have 10 cylinders 8 cylinders arranged
in a 90° "V" configuration and the normal section of each
cylinder must be circular.
5.1.5 Engines may must have no more than 5 valves two inlet
and two exhaust valves per cylinder all of which must be
circular.
Only reciprocating poppet valves are permitted.
The sealing interface between the moving valve
component and the stationary engine component must
be circular.
5.2 Alternative engines :
For 2006 and 2007 only, the FIA reserves the right to
allow any team to use an engine complying with the
2005 engine regulations, provided its maximum
crankshaft rotational speed does not exceed a limit
fixed from time to time by the FIA so as to ensure that
such an engine will only be used by a team which does
not have access to a competitive 2.4 litre V8 engine.
5.3 Other means of propulsion :
5.3.1 Subject only to Article 5.2, the use of any device, other
than the 3 litre 2.4 litre, four stroke engine described in 5.1
above, to power the car, is not permitted.
5.3.2 The total amount of recoverable energy stored on the car
must not exceed 300kJ, any which may be recovered at a
rate greater than 2kW must not exceed 20kJ.
5.4 Exhaust system :
Variable geometric length geometry exhaust systems are
forbidden.
5.4 Engine dimensions :
5.4.1 Cylinder bore diameter may not exceed 98mm.
5.4.2 Cylinder spacing must be fixed at 106.5mm (+/- 0.2mm).
5.4.3 The crankshaft centreline must not be less than 58mm
above the reference plane.
5.5 Engine materials :
5.5.1 The basic structure of the crankshaft and camshafts must
be made from steel or cast iron.
5.5.2 Pistons, cylinder heads and cylinder blocks may not be
composite structures which use carbon or aramid fibre
reinforcing materials.
5.5 Weight and centre of gravity :
5.5.1 The overall weight of the engine must be a minimum of
95kg.
5.5.2 The centre of gravity of the engine may not lie less than
165mm above the reference plane.
5.5.3 The longitudinal and lateral position of the centre of
gravity of the engine must fall within a region that is the
geometric centre of the engine, +/- 50mm.
5.5.4 When establishing conformity with Article 5.5, the
engine will include the intake system up to and
including the air filter, fuel rail and injectors, ignition
coils, engine mounted sensors and wiring, alternator,
coolant pumps and oil pumps.
5.5.5 When establishing conformity with Article 5.5, the
engine will not include liquids, exhaust manifolds, heat
shields, oil tanks, water system accumulators, heat
exchangers, hydraulic system (e.g. pumps,
accumulators, manifolds, servo-valves, solenoids,
actuators) except servo-valve and actuator for engine
throttle control, fuel pumps nor any component not
mounted on the engine when fitted to the car.
5.6 Variable geometry systems :
5.6.1 Variable geometry inlet systems are not permitted.
5.6.2 Variable geometry exhaust systems are not permitted.
5.6.3 Variable valve timing and variable valve lift systems are
not permitted.
5.7 Fuel systems
5.7.1 The pressure of the fuel supplied to the injectors may
not exceed 100 bar. Sensors must be fitted which
directly measure the pressure of the fuel supplied to
the injectors, these signals must be supplied via direct
hardwired connections to the FIA data logger.
5.7.2 Only one fuel injector per cylinder is permitted which
must inject directly into the side or the top of the inlet
port.
5.8 Electrical systems :
5.8.1 Ignition is only permitted by means of a single ignition
coil and single spark plug per cylinder. The use of
plasma, laser or other high frequency ignition
techniques is forbidden.
5.8.2 Only conventional spark plugs that function by high
tension electrical discharge across an exposed gap are
permitted.
Spark plugs are not subject to the materials restrictions
described in Articles 5.13 and 5.14.
5.8.3 The primary regulated voltage on the car must not
exceed 17.0V DC. This voltage is defined as the
stabilised output from the on-car charging system.
5.9 Engine actuators :
With the following exceptions hydraulic, pneumatic or
electronic actuation is forbidden :
a) Electronic solenoids uniquely for the control of engine
fluids ;
b) Components providing controlled pressure air for a
pneumatic valve system ;
c) A single actuator to operate the throttle system of the
engine.
5.10 Engine auxiliaries :
With the exception of electrical fuel pumps engine auxiliaries
must be mechanically driven directly from the engine with a
fixed speed ratio to the crankshaft.
5.11 Engine intake air :
5.11.1 Other than injection of fuel for the normal purpose of
combustion in the engine, any device, system, procedure,
construction or design the purpose or effect of which is any
decrease in the temperature of the engine intake air is
forbidden.
5.11.2 Other than engine sump breather gases and fuel for the
normal purpose of combustion in the engine, the spraying of
any substance into the engine intake air is forbidden.
5.12 Materials and Construction - Definitions :
5.12.1 X Based Alloy (e.g. Ni based alloy) – X must be the
most abundant element in the alloy on a %w/w basis.
The minimum possible weight percent of the element X
must always be greater than the maximum possible of
each of the other individual elements present in the
alloy.
5.12.2 X-Y Based Alloy (e.g. Al-Cu based alloy) – X must be
the most abundant element as in 5.12.1 above. In
addition element Y must be the second highest
constituent (%w/w), after X in the alloy. The mean
content of Y and all other alloying elements must be
used to determine the second highest alloying element
(Y).
5.12.3 Intermetallic Materials (e.g. TiAl, NiAl, FeAl, Cu3Au,
NiCo) – These are materials where the material is based
upon intermetallic phases, i.e. the matrix of the material
consists of greater then 50%v/v intermetallic phase(s).
An intermetallic phase is a solid solution between two
or more metals exhibiting either partly ionic or
covalent, or metallic bonding with a long range order,
in a narrow range of composition around the
stoichiometric proportion.
5.12.4 Composite Materials – These are materials where a
matrix material is reinforced by either a continuous or
discontinuous phase. The matrix can be metallic,
ceramic, polymeric or glass based. The reinforcement
can be present as long fibres (continuous
reinforcement); or short fibres, whiskers and particles
(discontinuous reinforcement).
5.12.5 Metal Matrix Composites (MMC’s) – These are materials
with a metallic matrix containing a phase of greater
than 2%v/v which is not soluble in the liquid phase of
the metallic matrix.
5.12.6 Ceramic Materials (e.g. Al2O3, SiC, B4C, Ti5Si3, SiO2,
Si3N4) – These are inorganic, non metallic solids.
5.13 Materials and construction – General :
5.13.1 Unless explicitly permitted for a specific engine
component, the following materials may not be used
anywhere on the engine :
a) Magnesium based alloys
b) Metal Matrix Composites (MMC’s)
c) Intermetallic materials
d) Alloys containing more than 5% by weight of
Beryllium, Iridium or Rhenium.
5.13.2 Coatings are free provided the total coating thickness
does not exceed 25% of the section thickness of the
underlying base material in all axes. In all cases the
relevant coating must not exceed 0.8mm.
5.14 Materials and construction – Components :
5.14.1 Pistons must be manufactured from an aluminium alloy
which is either Al-Si ; Al-Cu ; Al-Mg or Al-Zn based.
5.14.2 Piston pins must be manufactured from an iron based
alloy and must be machined from a single piece of
material.
5.14.3 Connecting rods must be manufactured from iron or
titanium based alloys and must be machined from a
single piece of material with no welded or joined
assemblies (other than a bolted big end cap or an
interfered small end bush).
5.14.4 Crankshafts must be manufactured from an iron based
alloy.
No welding is permitted between the front and rear
main bearing journals.
No material with a density exceeding 19,000kg/m3 may
be assembled to the crankshaft.
5.14.5 Camshafts must be manufactured from an iron based
alloy.
Each camshaft and lobes must be machined from a
single piece of material.
No welding is allowed between the front and rear
bearing journals.
5.14.6 Valves must be manufactured from alloys based on
Iron, Nickel, Cobalt or Titanium.
Hollow structures cooled by sodium, lithium or similar
are permitted.
5.14.7 Reciprocating and rotating components :
a) Reciprocating and rotating components must
not be manufactured from graphitic matrix,
metal matrix composites or ceramic materials.
This restriction does not apply to the clutch and
any seals ;
b) Rolling elements of rolling element bearings
must be manufactured from an iron based alloy;
c) Timing gears between the crankshaft and
camshafts (including hubs) must be
manufactured from an iron based alloy.
5.14.8 Static components :
a) Engine crankcases and cylinder heads must be
manufactured from cast or wrought aluminium
alloys.
No composite materials or metal matrix
composites are permitted either for the whole
component or locally.
b) Any metallic structure whose primary or
secondary function is to retain lubricant or
coolant within the engine must be
manufactured from an iron based alloy or an
aluminium alloy of the Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Zn or Al-
Mg alloying systems.
c) All threaded fasteners must be manufactured
from an alloy based on Cobalt, Iron or Nickel.
Composite materials are not permitted.
d) Valve seat inserts, valve guides and any other
bearing component may be manufactured from
metallic infiltrated pre-forms with other phases
which are not used for reinforcement.
Eric Mc said:
Look at the regulations that govern "low level" sports - like Sprinting. Thay are almost as detailed.
Vey true. You can fit any engine, gearbox, back axle you like but if they aren't based on the same casting as the original you have to go into a different category. It's a real problem, I can tell you.
My point?, sorry that was a half-arsed post...
Its the first time I've seen these regs, I knew they were pretty tight but blurdy hell, they go as far as centre of gravity of engine and details like that.... just gobsmacking, I mean, why not just give every team an identical car for gods sake.... lol
Its the first time I've seen these regs, I knew they were pretty tight but blurdy hell, they go as far as centre of gravity of engine and details like that.... just gobsmacking, I mean, why not just give every team an identical car for gods sake.... lol
I think that just shows how some designers are able to work much closer to the rules to give there team an advantage. Renault and Midland both are bound by the same rules but one team has done a much much better job, and when you look at how tight the regs are it makes the acheivement even more remarkable.
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